1. Nhanganyaya

Antimony, sesimbi yakakosha isiri-ferrous, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumoto retardants, alloys, semiconductors nemamwe minda. Zvisinei, antimony ores muzvisikwa zvinowanzogara pamwe chete ne arsenic, zvichiita kuti arsenic yakakwira mune crude antimony inokanganisa zvakanyanya kushanda uye kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zveantimony. Ichi chinyorwa chinosuma nzira dzakasiyana dzekubvisa arsenic mukucheneswa kweantimony isina kuchena, kusanganisira pyrometallurgical refining, hydrometallurgical refining, uye electrolytic refining, inotsanangura misimboti yavo, kuyerera kwemaitiro, maitiro ekushanda, uye zvakanakira / zvisingabatsiri.

2. Pyrometallurgical Refining yeArsenic Removal

2.1 Alkaline Refine Method

2.1.1 Musimboti

Iyo alkaline yekunatsa nzira inobvisa arsenic zvichienderana nekuita pakati pearsenic uye alkali simbi makomisheni kugadzira arsenate. Main reaction equations:
2As + 3Na₂CO₃ → 2Na₃AsO₃ + 3CO↑
4As + 5O₂ + 6Na₂CO₃ → 4Na₃AsO₄ + 6CO₂↑

2.1.2 Mafambiro eMafambiro

1. Kugadzirira kwezvinhu zvakasvibirira: Pwaya crude antimony kuita 5-10mm zvidimbu uye sanganisa nesoda ash (Na₂CO₃) pachiyero che10: 1
2. Kunyunguduka: Kupisa muchoto chinodzoreredza kusvika pa850-950°C, bata kwemaawa 2-3.
3. Oxidation: Isai mweya wakamanikidzwa (kudzvanywa 0.2-0.3MPa), kuyerera mwero 2-3m³/(h·t)
4. Slag kuumbwa: Wedzera yakakodzera huwandu hwesaltpeter (NaNO₃) seoxidant, dosage 3-5% yehuremu hweantimony.
5. Kubvisa Slag: Mushure mekugadzirisa kwemaminitsi makumi matatu, bvisa pamusoro slag
6. Dzokorora kushanda: Dzokorora maitiro ari pamusoro apa 2-3 nguva

2.1.3 Maitiro Parameter Kudzora

• Kudzora tembiricha: Yakakwana tembiricha 900±20°C
• Alkali dosage: Rongedza zvinoenderana nearsenic yemukati, kazhinji 8-12% yehuremu hweantimony.
• Oxidation nguva: maawa 1-1.5 pane oxidation cycle

2.1.4 Arsenic Removal Efficiency

Inogona kuderedza arsenic yemukati kubva 2-5% kusvika 0.1-0.3%

2.2 Oxidative Volatilization Method

2.2.1 Musimboti

Inoshandisa hunhu hwekuti arsenic oxide (As₂O₃) inonyanya kushanduka kupfuura antimony oxide. As₂O₃ inoputika pa193°C chete, ukuwo Sb₂O₃ ichida 656°C.

2.2.2 Mafambiro eMafambiro

1. Oxidative kunyunguduka: Kupisa muchoto chinotenderera kusvika 600-650°C nemhepo sumo.
2. Flue gasi kurapwa: Condense uye kupora yakadzikama As₂O₃
3. Kuderedza kunyungudika: Deredza zvinhu zvakasara pa1200 ° C necoke
4. Kunatsa: Wedzera zvishoma zvesoda ash kuti uwedzere kucheneswa

2.2.3 Key Parameters

• Oxygen concentration: 21-28%
• Nguva yekugara: 4-6 maawa
• Kiln kutenderera kumhanya: 0.5-1r / min

3. Hydrometallurgical Refining yeArsenic Removal

3.1 Alkali Sulfide Leaching Method

3.1.1 Musimboti

Inoshandisa hunhu hwekuti arsenic sulfide ine yakanyanya solubility mualkali sulfide mhinduro pane antimony sulfide. Main reaction:
As₂S₃ + ​​3Na₂S → 2Na₃AsS₃
Sb₂S₃ + ​​Na₂S → Insoluble

3.1.2 Mafambiro eMafambiro

1. Sulfidation: Sanganisa crude antimony powder nesarufa pa1:0.3 mass ratio, sulfidize pa500°C kweawa imwe.
2. Leaching: Shandisa 2mol/L Na₂S solution, liquid-solid ratio 5:1, fambisa pa80°C kwemaawa maviri.
3. Kusefa: Sefa ine filter press, zvakasara zvakaderera-arsenic antimony concentrate
4. Kugadzira patsva: suma H₂S mufiltrate kuti iitezve Na₂S

3.1.3 Mamiriro ezvinhu

• Na₂S concentration: 1.5-2.5mol/L
• Leaching pH: 12-13
• Leaching kunyatsoita: As> 90%, Sb kurasikirwa <5%

3.2 Acidic Oxidative Leaching Method

3.2.1 Musimboti

Inoshandisa arsenic's nyore oxidation mumamiriro ane acidic, uchishandisa oxidants seFeCl₃ kana H₂O₂ yekusarudza kunyungudika.

3.2.2 Mafambiro eMafambiro

1. Leaching: Mune 1.5mol/L HCl mhinduro, wedzera 0.5mol/L FeCl₃, mvura-yakasimba reshiyo 8:1
2. Kugona kutonga: Chengetedza oxidation inogona ku400-450mV (vs.SHE)
3. Kupatsanura kwakasimba-mvura: Vacuum filtration, tumira filtrate kune arsenic kupora
4. Washing: Geza zvakasara zvesefa katatu ne dilute hydrochloric acid

4. Electrolytic Refining Method

4.1 Nheyo

Inoshandisa mutsauko wekuisa mukana pakati peantimony (+0.212V) uye arsenic (+0.234V).

4.2 Maitiro Kuyerera

1. Kugadzirira kweanode: Kanda crude antimony mu400 × 600 × 20mm anode mahwendefa.
2. Electrolyte kuumbwa: Sb³⁺ 80g/L, HCl 120g/L, kuwedzera (gelatin) 0.5g/L
3. Electrolysis mamiriro:
   • Yazvino density: 120-150A/m²
   • Sero voltage: 0.4-0.6V
   • Tembiricha: 30-35°C
   • Electrode kureba: 100mm
4. Kutenderera: Bvisa kubva muchitokisi mazuva ese 7-10

4.3 Zviratidziro zvehunyanzvi

• Cathode antimony kuchena: ≥99.85%
• Arsenic kubvisa mwero:> 95%
• Iye zvino kushanda: 85-90%

5. Emerging Arsenic Removal Technologies

5.1 Vacuum Distillation

Pasi pe 0.1-10Pa vacuum, inoshandisa vapor pressure musiyano (Sezvo: 133Pa pa550°C, Sb inoda 1000°C).

5.2 Plasma Oxidation

Inoshandisa pasi-temperature plasma (5000-10000K) yekusarudza arsenic oxidation, nguva shoma yekugadzirisa (10-30min), kushandiswa kwesimba shoma.

6. Maitiro Kuenzanisa uye Kusarudzwa Mazano

Sarudzo inorudziro:

• High-arsenic feed (As> 3%): Inofarira alkali sulfide leaching
• Medium arsenic (0.5-3%): Alkaline kunatsa kana electrolysis
• Low-arsenic yakakwirira-kuchena zvinodiwa: Electrolytic refining inokurudzirwa

7. Mhedziso

Kubviswa kweArsenic kubva kune isina kuchena antimony kunoda kutarisisa kwakadzama kwezvakagadzirwa zvinhu, zvinodiwa zvechigadzirwa, uye hupfumi. Traditional pyrometallurgical nzira dzine hukuru hukuru asi yakakosha dzvinyiriro yezvakatipoteredza; hydrometallurgical nzira dzine zvishoma kusvibiswa asi maitiro akareba; electrolytic nzira dzinoburitsa kuchena kwepamusoro asi dzinopedza simba rakawanda. Nhungamiro dzekuvandudza mune ramangwana dzinosanganisira:

1. Kugadzira zvinobudirira zvinosanganiswa zvinowedzera
2. Kugadzirisa maitiro akawanda-matanho akasanganiswa
3. Kuvandudza arsenic zviwanikwa zvekushandisa
4. Kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba uye kusvibiswa kwemhepo