Selenium, seyakakosha semiconductor zvinhu uye maindasitiri mbishi zvinhu, ine kuita kwayo kukanganiswa nekuchena kwayo. Munguva yevacuum distillation yekuchenesa maitiro, kusvibiswa kweokisijeni ndechimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvinopesvedzera kuchena kwe selenium. Ichi chinyorwa chinopa hurukuro yakadzama yenzira dzakasiyana siyana uye matekiniki ekudzikisa okisijeni yemukati panguva yekuchenesa selenium kuburikidza ne vacuum distillation.

I. Kuderedza Oxygen Content muRaw Material Pretreatment Stage

1. Preliminary Kucheneswa Raw Materials

Selenium yakasvibirira kazhinji ine tsvina dzakasiyana, kusanganisira maokisi. Usati wapinda muvacuum distillation system, nzira dzekuchenesa makemikari dzinofanirwa kushandiswa kubvisa maokisi epasi. Kazhinji kushandiswa kwekuchenesa mhinduro zvinosanganisira:

• Dilute hydrochloric acid solution (5-10% concentration): Inonyatso nyungudutsa maokisi akadai seSeO₂
• Ethanol kana acetone: Inoshandiswa kubvisa organic zvinosvibisa
• Deionized mvura: Multiple rinses kubvisa yakasara acid

Mushure mekuchenesa, kuomeswa kunofanira kuitwa pasi pegasi inert (semuenzaniso, Ar kana N₂) mamiriro ekunze kudzivirira zvakare oxidation.

2. Pre-Reduction Treatment yeRaw Materials

Kuderedza kurapwa kweiyo mbishi pamberi pevacuum distillation inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya oksijeni yemukati:

• Kuderedzwa kweHydrogen: Isa yakakwira-kuchena hydrogen (kuchena ≥99.999%) pa200-300 ° C kuderedza SeO₂ kune elemental selenium.
• Carbothermal kuderedza: Sanganisa selenium mbishi zvinhu zvine yakakwira-kuchena kabhoni poda uye kupisa kusvika 400-500 ° C pasi pevacuum kana inert mamiriro ekunze, kukonzeresa maitiro C + SeO₂ → Se + CO₂
• Kuderedza sulfide: Magasi akadai seH₂S anogona kuderedza selenium oxides pane tembiricha yakaderera.

II. Dhizaini uye Kushanda Kwekuita kweVacuum Distillation System

1. Kusarudzwa uye Kugadziriswa kweVacuum System

Yakakwira-vacuum nharaunda yakakosha kudzikisa okisijeni yemukati:

• Shandisa pombi yekuparadzira + mechanical pombi musanganiswa, ine yekupedzisira vacuum inosvika 10⁻⁴ Pa.
• Iyo sisitimu inofanirwa kuve yakashongedzerwa neinotonhora musungo kudzivirira kumashure-kupararira kwehutsi hwemafuta
• Zvese zvinongedzo zvinofanirwa kushandisa zvisimbiso zvesimbi kudzivirira kubuda kubva kune zvisimbiso zverabha
• Iyo sisitimu inofanirwa kuzadza zvakakwana bake-out degassing (200-250 ° C, 12-24 maawa)

2. Kudzora Kwazvo kweDistillation Temperature uye Pressure

Optimal process parameter musanganiswa:

• Distillation tembiricha: Inodzorwa mukati mechikamu che220-280°C (pazasi pekubirira kweselenium kwe685°C)
• Kudzvanywa kweSystem: Yakachengetwa pakati pe1-10 Pa
• Kupisa mwero: 5-10 ° C/min kudzivirira mhirizhonga evaporation uye kupinda
• Condensation zone tembiricha: Yakachengetwa pa50-80°C kuti ive nechokwadi chekuzara selenium condensation

3. Multi-Stage Distillation Technology

Multi-stage distillation inogona zvishoma nezvishoma kuderedza oksijeni yemukati:

• Danho rekutanga: Rough distillation kubvisa tsvina yakawanda inoputika
• Danho rechipiri: Kunyatso kudzora tembiricha kuunganidza chikamu chikuru
• Danho rechitatu: Kudzika-kupisa, kunonoka distillation kuti uwane yakakwirira-kuchena chigadzirwa
  Yakasiyana tembiricha condensation inogona kushandiswa pakati pezvinhanho zvefractional condensation

III. Ebetsero Maitirwo Matanho

1. Inert Gasi Dziviriro Technology

Kunyangwe ichishanda pasi pevacuum, sumo yakakodzera yeyakanyanya-kuchena inert gasi inobatsira kuderedza okisijeni yemukati:

• Mushure mekubvisa sisitimu, zadza nepamusoro-kuchena argon (kuchena ≥99.9995%) kusvika 1000 Pa.
• Shandisa inosimba gasi kuyerera kudzivirira, uchiramba uchiunza diki argon (10-20 sccm)
• Isai anonatsa gasi ane hunyanzvi panzvimbo dzinopinza gasi kuti mubvise okisijeni yasara uye hunyoro

2. Kuwedzerwa kweOxygen Scavengers

Kuwedzera zvakakodzera okisijeni scavenger kune yakabikwa zvinhu zvinogona kunyatso kudzikisa okisijeni yemukati:

• Magnesium simbi: Kubatana kwakasimba kweokisijeni, kugadzira MgO
• Aluminium poda: Inogona kubvisa okisijeni nesarufa panguva imwe chete
• Rare pasi simbi: Senge Y, La, nezvimwewo, ine yakanakisa kubvisa okisijeni mhedzisiro
  Kuwanda kweokisijeni scavenger inowanzoita 0.1-0.5 wt% yezvakagadzirwa; kuwanda kwehuwandu kunogona kukanganisa selenium kuchena

3. Yakanyungudutswa Filtration Technology

Kusefa selenium yakanyungudutswa isati yaitwa distillation:

• Shandisa quartz kana ceramic mafirita ane pore saizi ye1-5 μm
• Dzora tembiricha yekusefa pa220-250°C
• Inogona kubvisa solid oxide particles
• Mafirita anofanirwa kuve akacheneswa pasi pasi pevacuum yakakwirira

IV. Mushure meKurapwa uye Kuchengeta

1. Kuunganidzwa kweChigadzirwa uye Kubata

• Iyo condenser muunganidzi inofanirwa kugadzirwa sechimiro chinobviswa kuitira nyore kudzoreredza zvinhu munzvimbo inert
• Yakaunganidzwa selenium ingots inofanirwa kuiswa mubhokisi regirovhosi reArgon
• Surface etching inogona kuitwa kana zvichidikanwa kubvisa zvingangoita oxide layer

2. Storage Condition Control

• Nzvimbo yekuchengetera inofanirwa kuchengetwa yakaoma (dova point ≤-60°C)
• Shandisa kaviri-layer sealed packaging yakazadzwa nepamusoro-kuchena inert gasi
• Inokurudzirwa kuchengetedza tembiricha iri pasi pe20°C
• Dzivisa kuratidzwa kwechiedza kudzivirira photocatalytic oxidation maitiro

V. Kudzora Kwehutano uye Kuedzwa

1. Online Monitoring Technology

• Isa yakasara gasi analyzers (RGA) kuti utarise okisijeni chikamu chekumanikidza munguva chaiyo
• Shandisa zvinonzwa zveokisijeni kudzora zviri mukati meokisijeni mumagasi anodzivirira
• Shandisa infrared spectroscopy kuti uone hunhu hwekunyura hwepamusoro hweSe-O bond

2. Yakapera Product Analysis

• Shandisa inert gasi fusion-infrared absorption nzira yekuona oxygen yemukati
• Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) yekuongorora kugoverwa kweokisijeni
• X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) yekuona mamiriro emakemikari epamusoro

Kuburikidza nematanho akazara anotsanangurwa pamusoro, okisijeni yemukati inogona kudzorwa pazasi 1 ppm panguva yevacuum distillation kucheneswa kweselenium, kusangana nezvinodiwa zvepamusoro-kuchena selenium application. Mukugadzirwa chaiko, maparamita ekuita anofanirwa kugadziridzwa zvichienderana nemamiriro emidziyo uye zvinodiwa zvechigadzirwa, uye yakasimba yemhando yekudzora system inofanirwa kuumbwa.