Sulfur chinhu chisiri chemetallic chine mucherechedzo wemakemikari S uye nhamba yeatomu ye16. Sarufa yakachena icrystal yero, inozivikanwawo sesarufa kana yero sarufa. Elemental sulfur hainyunguriki mumvura, inonyungudika zvishoma mu ethanol, uye inonyungudika zviri nyore mucarbon disulfideCS.2.
1.Physical properties
- Sulfur inowanzo chena yekristaro, isinganhuhwi uye isinganakidze.
- Sulfur ine akawanda allotropes, ayo ese anoumbwa neS8cyclic mamorekuru. Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye orthorhomb sulfur (inozivikanwawo se rhombic sulfur, α-sulfur) uye monoclinic sulfur (inozivikanwawo se β-sulfur).
- Orthorhombic sulfur imhando yakagadzikana yesarufa, uye kana ichipisa kusvika kunosvika 100 ° C, inogona kutonhodzwa kuti iwane monoclinic sulfur. Shanduko tembiricha pakati orthorhombic sarufa uye monoclinic sulfur i 95.6 °C.orhombic sarufa ndiyo chete yakagadzikana chimiro chesarufa pane imwe imba tembiricha. Chimiro chayo chakachena ndeyero-girinhi (sarufa inotengeswa pamusika inoita yero zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuvapo kwekutevera huwandu hwe cycloheptasulfur). Orthorhombic sulfure inonyungudika mumvura, ine urombo hwekupisa conductivity, yakanaka magetsi insulator.
- Monoclinic sulfur ndiyo isingaverengeki sekristaro-yakafanana netsono inosara mushure mekunyungudusa sarufa uye nekudurura mvura yakawandisa. Monoclinic sulfur orthorhombic sulfur akasiyana e elemental sulfur pane tembiricha dzakasiyana. Monoclinic sulfur inongogadzikana pamusoro pe95.6 ℃, uye pakupisa, inoshanduka zvishoma nezvishoma kuita orthorhombic sulfur. Nzvimbo yakanyunguduka ye orthorhombic sulfur ndeye 112.8 ℃, nzvimbo yekunyungudika ye monoclinic sulfur ndeye 119 ℃. Ose ari maviri anonyungudika zvakanyanya muCS2.
- Kune zvakare elastic sulfur. Elastic sulfur itsvuku yero, elastic solid isinganyanyi kunyungudika mucarbon disulfide pane mamwe allotropes sulfur. Haina kunyungudika mumvura uye inonyungudika zvishoma mudoro. Kana sulfur yakanyungudutswa inokurumidza kudururwa mumvura inotonhora, iyo refu-chain sarufa yakagadzika, inotambanudza elastic sulfur. Zvisinei, ichaomesa nekufamba kwenguva uye kuva monoclinic sulfur.
2.Chemical properties
- Sulfur inogona kupisa mumhepo, ichiita neokisijeni kuumba sulfur dioxide (SO₂) gasi.
- Sulfur inopindirana nema halogen ese pakudziya. Inopisa mufluorine kuita sulfur hexafluoride. Liquid sulfur ine chlorine kugadzira disulfur dichloride inoshatirisa zvakanyanya (S2Cl2) Musanganiswa wakaenzana une red sulfur dichloride (SCl) inogona kuumbwa kana chlorine yakawandisa uye inokonzeresa, senge FeCl.3kana SnI4,inoshandiswa.
- Sulfur inogona kuita nehot potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution kuumba potassium sulfide uye potassium thiosulfate.
- Sulfure haiiti nemvura uye isiri-oxidizing acids. Sarufa inopindirana neinopisa nitric asidhi uye yakanyura sulfuric asidhi uye inogona kuve oxidized kuita sulfuric acid uye sulfur dioxide.
3.Application field
- Kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri
Kunyanya kushandiswa kwesarufa kuri mukugadzirwa kwesarufa makomisheni akadai sesarufa acid, sulfite, thiosulfates,ocyanates, sulfur dioxide, carbon disulfide, disulfur dichloride, trichlorosulfonated phosphorus, phosphorus sulf, uye metal sulfides. Inopfuura 80% yepasi rose inodyiwa nesarufa inoshandiswa mukugadzira sulfuric acid. Sulfur zvakare inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwerabha ine vulcanized. Kana rabha mbishi ikaiswa murabha ine vulcanized rabha, inowana elasticity yakakwira, kusimba kwekudzivirira kupisa, uye kusanyungudika mune zvinonyungudutsa zveorganic. Zvigadzirwa zverabha zvakawanda zvinogadzirwa nerabha ine vulcanized rabha, inogadzirwa nekuita rabha yakasvibirira ine uye accelerator pane kumwe kupisa uye kumanikidza. Sarufa inodiwawo mukugadzirwa kwehupfu nhema nemachisi, uye ndeimwe yemhando huru dzemoto. Pamusoro pezvo, sarufa inogona kushandiswa mukugadzira dhayi dzakasvibiswa uye pigment. Semuenzaniso, calcining musanganiswa wekaolin, carbon, sulfur, diatomaceous earth, kana quartz powder inogona kuburitsa ruvara rwebhuruu runonzi ultramarine. Indasitiri yemableach neindasitiri yemishonga inodyawo chikamu chesarufa.
- Kushandiswa kwekurapa
Sulfur ndeimwe yezvigadzirwa mumishonga yakawanda yechirwere cheganda. Semuenzaniso, tung oil inopiswa nesarufa kuita sulfonate nesarufa asidhi uye yozonyudzwa nemvura yeammonia kuti iwane sulfonated tung oil. Iyo 10% yekuzora yakagadzirwa kubva mairi ine anti-kuzvimba uye deelling mhedzisiro uye inogona kushandiswa kurapa kwakasiyana ganda kuzvimba uye kuzvimba.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-09-2024