Sarufa chinhu chisiri chesimbi chine chiratidzo chemakemikari S uye nhamba yeatomu ye16. Sarufa yakachena ikristaro yeyero, inozivikanwawo sesarufa kana sarufa yeyero. Sarufa yesimbi hainyungudike mumvura, inonyungudika zvishoma muethanol, uye inonyungudika nyore nyore mucarbon disulfideCS2.
1. Hunhu hwemuviri
- Sarufa inowanzova kristaro yero yakachenuruka, isina hwema uye isina kuravira.
- Sarufa ine ma allotropes akawanda, ayo ese anoumbwa neS8mamorekuru anotenderera. Anonyanya kuzivikanwa i orthorhomb salfa (inozivikanwawo se rhombic salfa, α-sulfur) uye monoclinic salfa (inozivikanwawo se β-sulfur).
- Sarufa yeOrthorhombic imhando yakagadzikana yesarufa, uye kana yapiswa kusvika pa100 °C, inogona kutonhodzwa kuti iwane sarufa yemonoclinic. Tembiricha yekuchinja pakati pesarufa yeorthorhombic nesarufa yemonoclinic i95.6 °C. Sarufa yeorhombic ndiyo yega mhando yakagadzikana yesarufa patembiricha yemumba. Chimiro chayo chakachena ndeyeyero-girini (sarufa inotengeswa pamusika inoita seyero yakawanda nekuda kwekuvapo kwehuwandu hushoma hwecycloheptasulfur). Sarufa yeOrthorhombic hainyungudike mumvura, haina thermal conductivity yakanaka, uye inodzivirira magetsi zvakanaka.
- Sarufa yeMonoclinic ikristaro isingaverengeke yakaita setsono inosara mushure mekunyungudutsa sarufa uye kudurura mvura yakawandisa. Sarufa yeMonoclinic orthorhombic sarufa imhando dzakasiyana dzesarufa ye elemental patembiricha dzakasiyana. Sarufa yeMonoclinic inogara kwenguva refu kupfuura 95.6 ℃, uye patembiricha, inoshanduka zvishoma nezvishoma kuita sarufa yeorthorhombic. Nzvimbo yekunyunguduka yesarufa yeorthorhombic i112.8℃, nzvimbo yekunyunguduka yesarufa yemonoclinic i119℃. Ose anonyunguduka zvakanyanya muCS2.
- Kunewo sarufa inonamira. Sarufa inonamira isimbi yero yakasviba, inonamira isinganyungudike zvakanyanya mu carbon disulfide kupfuura mamwe sarufa e allotropes. Hainyungudike mumvura uye inonyungudika zvishoma mualcohol. Kana sarufa yakanyungudika ikadururwa nekukurumidza mumvura inotonhora, sarufa ine chain refu inonamira, inotambanudzwa. Zvisinei, inooma nekufamba kwenguva yova sarufa imwe chete.
2. Hunhu hwemakemikari
- Sarufa inogona kutsva mumhepo, ichibatana neokisijeni kuumba sarufa dioxide (SO2)₂) gasi.
- Sarufa inopindirana nema halogen ese painopiswa. Inopisa mu fluorine kuti igadzire sarufa hexafluoride. Sarufa yemvura ine chlorine kuti igadzire disulfur dichloride inotsamwisa zvikuru (S)2Cl2). Musanganiswa we equilibrium une red sulfur dichloride (SCl) unogona kuumbwa kana chlorine yakawandisa uye iri catalyst, senge FeCl2.3kana SnI4,inoshandiswa.
- Sarufa inogona kusangana ne potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution kuti igadzire potassium sulfide uye potassium thiosulfate.
- Sarufa haisangani nemvura uye maasidhi asingasanganisi. Sarufa inosanganisirwa neasidhi inopisa yenitric uye sulfuric acid yakakamurwa uye inogona kusanganiswa kuita sulfuric acid uye sulfur dioxide.
3. Munda wekushandisa
- Kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri
Mashandisirwo makuru e sarufa ari mukugadzira zvinhu zvakaita se sulfuric acid, sulfites, thiosulfates, ocyanates, sulfur dioxide, carbon disulfide, disulfur dichloride, trichlorosulfonated phosphorus, phosphorus sulf, uye metal sulfides. Inopfuura 80% yekushandiswa kwe sarufa pagore pasi rose inoshandiswa mukugadzira sulfuric acid. Sarufa inoshandiswawo zvakanyanya mukugadzira rabha yakasanganiswa. Kana rabha isina kugadzirwa ikasanganiswa kuita rabha yakasanganiswa, inowedzera kusimba, inodzivirira kupisa, uye hainyungudike muzvinhu zvinonyungudutsa. Zvizhinji zvezvigadzirwa zve rabha zvinogadzirwa ne rabha yakasanganiswa, iyo inogadzirwa nekuita rabha isina kugadzirwa ne accelerators pakupisa nekumanikidzwa kwakati. Sarufa inodiwawo mukugadzira upfu hutema nemachisi, uye ndeimwe yemhando huru dze fireworks. Pamusoro pezvo, sarufa inogona kushandiswa mukugadzira madhayi ne pigments zvakasanganiswa. Semuenzaniso, kugadzira calcium musanganiswa wekaolin, kabhoni, sarufa, diatomaceous earth, kana quartz powder kunogona kugadzira pigment yebhuruu inonzi ultramarine. Indasitiri yebleach neindasitiri yemishonga inoshandisawo sarufa.
- Kushandiswa kwekurapa
Sarufa chimwe chezvinhu zvinowanikwa mumishonga yakawanda yezvirwere zveganda. Semuenzaniso, mafuta etung anopiswa nesarufa kuti apiswe nesulfonate ne sulfur acid uye ozobviswa nemvura yeammonia kuti mafuta etung apiswe ne sulfonate. Mafuta e10% anogadzirwa kubva mairi ane simba rekudzivirira kuzvimba uye kubvisa ganda uye anogona kushandiswa kurapa kuzvimba kwakasiyana-siyana kweganda.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-09-2024