Matanho ekugadzirisa Cadmium uye ma parameter

I. Kugadzirira Kurapa Zvinhu Zvisina Kugadzirwa uye Kuchenesa Zvikuru

1. ‌Kugadzirira Cadmium Feedstock Yakachena Zvikuru‌

• ‌Kusuka Asidhi‌: Nyikai ma cadmium ingots emhando yepamusoro mu 5%-10% nitric acid solution pa 40-60°C kwemaawa 1-2 kubvisa ma oxides epamusoro netsvina yesimbi. Shambai nemvura yakabviswa ion kusvika pH isina kusimba mobva maomesa.
• ‌Kubvisa mvura nesimbi‌: Isa marara ane cadmium (semuenzaniso, copper-cadmium slag) nesulfuric acid (15-20% concentration) pa80-90°C kwemaawa 4-6, zvichiita kuti cadmium ibude zvakanaka kupfuura ≥95%. Sefa uye wedzera zinc powder (1.2-1.5 times stoichiometric ratio) kuti ubvise tsvina kuti uwane sponge cadmium.

1. ‌Kunyungudutsa uye Kukanda‌

• Isa cadmium muchiponji chegrafiti chakachena kwazvo, nyunguduka pasi pemhepo yeargon pa320-350°C, wodira muzviumbwa zvegrafiti kuti zvitonhore zvishoma nezvishoma. Gadzira ma ingots ane density ≥8.65 g/cm³

II. Kuchenesa Nzvimbo

1. ‌Midziyo uye Maparamita‌

• Shandisa maovheni ekunyungudutsa akatambarara ane upamhi hwenzvimbo yakanyungudutswa ye5-8 mm, kumhanya kwekufamba kwe3-5 mm/awa, uye nzira dzekunatsa 8-12. Kupisa kwakanyanya: 50-80°C/cm; vacuum cleaner ≤10⁻³ Pa‌
• ‌Kusarurana Kwekusachena‌: Nzvimbo yakadzokororwa inodarika lead, zinc, nezvimwe tsvina pamuswe weingot. Bvisa chikamu chekupedzisira che15-20% chetsvina yakawanda, zvichiita kuti pave nekuchena kwepakati ≥99.999%

1. ‌Kudzora Makiyi‌

• Tembiricha yenzvimbo yakanyungudutswa: 400-450°C (pamusoro penzvimbo yekunyunguduka kwecadmium ye321°C);
• Mwero wekutonhora: 0.5-1.5°C/min kuderedza zvikanganiso zve lattice;
• Kuyerera kweArgon: 10-15 L/min kudzivirira oxidation

III. Kuchenesa Kwemagetsi

1. ‌Kuumbwa kweElectrolyte‌

• Kuumbwa kweElectrolyte: Cadmium sulfate (CdSO₄, 80-120 g/L) uye sulfuric acid (pH 2-3), ine 0.01-0.05 g/L gelatin yakawedzerwa kuti iwedzere huwandu hwe cathode deposit

1. ‌Maitiro ekugadzirisa‌

• Anode: Plate ye cadmium isina kuchena; Cathode: Plate yetitanium;
• Kuwanda kwemagetsi pari zvino: 80-120 A/m²; Voltage yesero: 2.0-2.5 V;
• Tembiricha yeElectrolysis: 30-40°C; Nguva: maawa 48-72; Kuchena kweCathode ≥99.99%

IV. Kudzikisa Kupisa Vacuum

1. ‌Kuderedza Kupisa Kwakanyanya uye Kuparadzanisa‌

• Isa cadmium ingots muchoto chevacuum (pressure ≤10⁻² Pa), isa hydrogen sechinhu chinoderedza kupisa, wobva wapisa kusvika 800-1000°C kuderedza cadmium oxides kuita gaseous cadmium. Kupisa kweCondenser: 200-250°C; Kuchena kwekupedzisira ≥99.9995%

1. ‌Kushanda Kwekubvisa Kusachena‌

• Tsvina yesimbi yasara, mhangura, nezvimwe zvinhu zvisina kuchena zvesimbi ≤0.1 ppm;
• Kuwanda kweokisijeni ≤5 ppm

Kukura kweKristaru Imwe Chete yeV. Czochralski

1. ‌Kudzora Kunyunguduka uye Kugadzirira Mbeu dzeKrista‌

• Isa ma ingots e cadmium akachena zvakanyanya muma quartz crucibles akachena zvakanyanya, nyungudutsa pasi peargon pa 340-360°C. Shandisa <100>-oriented single-crystal cadmium seeds (dhayamita 5-8 mm), pre-annealed pa 800°C kubvisa kushushikana mukati.

1. ‌Magadzirirwo Emakristaro Ekubvisa‌

• Kumhanya kwekudhonza: 1.0-1.5 mm/min (danho rekutanga), 0.3-0.5 mm/min (kukura kwakasimba);
• Kutenderera kweCrucible: 5-10 rpm (kutenderera-kwakapesana);
• Kuchinja-chinja kwetembiricha: 2-5°C/mm; Kuchinja-chinja kwetembiricha yekushandiswa kwemvura yakasimba ≤±0.5°C

1. ‌Maitiro Akakwana Ekudzvinyirira Zvisina Kunaka‌

• ‌Rubatsiro rweMagineti MundaIsa simba remagineti re 0.2-0.5 T axial kuti udzivise kuvhunduka kwekunyunguduka uye kuderedza kusvibiswa;
• ‌Kutonhodza Kunodzorwa‌: Mwero wekutonhora mushure mekukura kwe10-20°C/awa unoderedza zvikanganiso zvekubuda kwechinhu chinokonzerwa nekushushikana kwekupisa‌.

VI. Kugadziriswa Kwebasa Mushure meKugadzirwa uye Kudzora Hunhu

1. ‌Kugadzira Crystal‌

• ‌KuchekaShandisa macheka ewaya edhaimani kuti ucheke kuita mawafer e 0.5-1.0 mm pa 20-30 m/s wire speed;
• ‌Kupukuta‌: Kupukuta kwemakemikari (CMP) nemusanganiswa we nitric acid-ethanol (1:5 vol. ratio), zvichiita kuti pamusoro payo pave nekuomarara kweRa ≤0.5 nm.

1. ‌Maitiro Emhando Yepamusoro‌

• ‌KuchenaGDMS (Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry) inosimbisa Fe, Cu, Pb ≤0.1 ppm;
• ‌Kuramba‌: ≤5×10⁻⁸ Ω·m (kuchena ≥99.9999%);
• ‌Kurongeka kweCrystallographic‌: Kutsauka <0.5°; Kuwanda kwenzvimbo ≤10³/cm²

VII. Mirayiridzo Yekugadzirisa Maitiro

1. ‌Kubviswa Kwetsvina Yakanangana‌

• Shandisa maresini ekuchinjana kwemaion pakunyudza Cu, Fe, nezvimwewo, pamwe chete nekunatswa kwenzvimbo dzakawanda kuti uwane kuchena kwe6N-grade (99.9999%)

1. ‌Kuvandudzwa kweOtomatiki‌

• Maitiro eAI anogadzirisa kumhanya kwekudhonza, ma gradients ekupisa, nezvimwewo, zvichiwedzera goho kubva pa85% kusvika 93%;
• Wedzera saizi yechikepe chinopfurwa kusvika pamasendimita makumi matatu nematanhatu, zvichiita kuti huwandu hwechikafu huve hwe2800 kg, zvichideredza kushandiswa kwesimba kusvika pa80 kWh/kg

1. ‌Kugara kwenguva refu uye Kudzoreredza Zvishandiso‌

• Dzorerazve marara ekuchenesa acid kuburikidza nekuchinjana kwemaion (kudzoreredza Cd ≥99.5%);
• Isa magasi eutsi mumhepo uchishandisa activated carbon adsorption + alkaline scrubbing (Cd vapor recovery ≥98%)

Pfupiso

Maitiro ekukura nekucheneswa kwecadmium crystal anosanganisira hydrometallurgy, high-temperature physical refinement, uye hunyanzvi hwekukura kwecrystal. Kuburikidza neacid leaching, zone refine, electrolysis, vacuum distillation, uye Czochralski growth—pamwe chete ne automation uye eco-friendly practices—zvinogonesa kugadzirwa kwakasimba kwe6N-grade ultra-high-purity cadmium single crystals. Izvi zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zve nuclear detectors, photovoltaic materials, uye advanced semiconductor devices. Kufambira mberi mune ramangwana kuchatarisa pakukura kwecrystal yakakura, kupatsanurwa kwetsvina, uye kugadzirwa kwe low-carbon.