Kucheneswa kwe selenium ine purity yakakwira (≥99.999%) kunosanganisira musanganiswa wenzira dzepanyama nedzemakemikari dzekubvisa tsvina dzakadai seTe, Pb, Fe, uye As. Izvi zvinotevera maitiro makuru nematanho:
1. Kunyungudutsa muchina wevacuum
Kuyerera Kwemaitiro:
1. Isa selenium isina kucheneswa (≥99.9%) mu quartz crucible mukati me vacuum distillation furnace.
2. Pisa kusvika 300-500°C pasi pevacuum (1-100 Pa) kwemaminitsi 60-180.
3. Selenium vapor inoungana mu condenser ine matanho maviri (danho repasi rine Pb/Cu particles, danho repamusoro rekuunganidzwa kweselenium).
4. Kuunganidza selenium kubva mucondenser yepamusoro; 碲(Te) nezvimwe tsvina zvinofashaira zvakanyanya zvinosara padanho repasi.
Maparamita:
- Tembiricha: 300-500°C
- Kumanikidzwa: 1-100 Pa
- Zvinhu zvinoshandisa condenser: Quartz kana simbi isina ngura.
2. Kucheneswa kweMakemikari + Kunyungudutsa muVacuum
Kuyerera Kwemaitiro:
1. Kupisa kweOxidation: Selenium isina kuchena ine simba (99.9%) ine O₂ pa500°C kuti igadzire magasi eSeO₂ neTeO₂.
2. Kubvisa zvinonyungudutsa: Nyungudutsa SeO₂ mumushonga we ethanol-water, bvisa TeO₂ precipitate.
3. Kuderedza: Shandisa hydrazine (N₂H₄) kuderedza SeO₂ kuita elemental selenium.
4. Deep De-Te: Oxidize selenium zvakare kuita SeO₄²⁻, wobva wabvisa Te uchishandisa solvent extraction.
5. Final Vacuum Distillation: Chenesa selenium pa300-500°C uye 1-100 Pa kuti uwane 6N (99.9999%) yakachena.
Maparamita:
- Tembiricha yekuoxidation: 500°C
- Muyero weHydrazine: Wakawandisa kuti uve nechokwadi chekudzikiswa kwakakwana.
3. Kucheneswa kweElectrolytic
Kuyerera Kwemaitiro:
1. Shandisa electrolyte (semuenzaniso, selenous acid) ine current density ye5-10 A/dm².
2. Selenium inosara pa cathode, ukuwo selenium oxides ichipera simba pa anode.
Maparamita:
- Kuwanda kwezvino: 5-10 A/dm²
- Electrolyte: Selenous acid kana selenate solution.
4. Kubvisa zvinonyungudutsa
Kuyerera Kwemaitiro:
1. Bvisa Se⁴⁺ kubva mumushonga uchishandisa TBP (tributyl phosphate) kana TOA (trioctylamine) mu hydrochloric kana sulfuric acid media.
2. Bvisa selenium woibvisa woiisa patsva, wobva waiisa patsva.
Maparamita:
- Chinoburitsa: TBP (HCl medium) kana TOA (H₂SO₄ medium)
- Nhamba yematanho: 2-3.
5. Kunyunguduka Kwenzvimbo
Kuyerera Kwemaitiro:
1. Dururirai zvinhu zvakanyunguduka zve selenium kakawanda kuti mubvise tsvina.
2. Yakakodzera kuwana kuchena kwe >5N kubva pazvinhu zvekutanga zvakachena zvakanyanya.
Cherechedza: Inoda michina yakasarudzika uye inoda simba rakawanda.
Mufananidzo Mazano
Kuti muonekwe nemifananidzo, tarisai mifananidzo inotevera kubva mumabhuku:
- Kugadziriswa kweVacuum Distillation: Chimiro chesystem ye condenser ine matanho maviri.
- Se-Te Phase Diagram: Inoratidza matambudziko ekuparadzana nekuda kwenzvimbo dzakaoma.
Mareferensi
- Kunyungudutsa muchina wekuchenesa nekushandisa makemikari:
- Kubviswa kweElectrolytic uye solvent:
- Matekiniki epamusoro nematambudziko:
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-21-2025