Kukura uye Kucheneswa kwe7N Tellurium Crystal

Kukura uye Kucheneswa kwe7N Tellurium Crystal

I. Kurapa Zvinhu Zvisina Kugadzirwa uye Kuchenesa Kwekutanga

1. ‌Kusarudzwa Kwezvinhu Zvisina Kugadzirwa Uye Kupwanywa‌

• ‌Zvinodiwa Zvekushandisa‌: Shandisa tellurium ore kana anode slime (Te content ≥5%), zviri nani kushandisa copper slime inonyungudutsa anode slime (ine Cu₂Te, Cu₂Se) sezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa.
• ‌Maitiro Ekurapwa Pamberi‌:
• Kupwanya kwakakora kusvika pahukuru hwezvikamu ≤5mm, zvichiteverwa nekugayiwa kwebhora kusvika pa ≤200 mesh;
• Kupatsanurwa kwemagineti (simba remagineti ≥0.8T) kubvisa Fe, Ni, nezvimwe zvinhu zvisina kuchena zvemagineti;
• Kuyerera kwefuro (pH=8-9, xanthate collectors) kuparadzanisa SiO₂, CuO, nedzimwe tsvina dzisiri dzemagineti.
• ‌ZvekungwaririraDzivisa kuisa hunyoro panguva yekuchenesa kwakanyorova (zvinoda kuomeswa usati wagocha); dzora hunyoro hwemhepo ≤30%.

1. ‌Kugocha neOxidation yePyrometallurgical‌

• ‌Maitiro ekugadzirisa‌:
• Tembiricha yekugocha yeOxidation: 350–600°C (kudzora kwakatarwa: tembiricha yakaderera yekubvisa sulfurization, tembiricha yepamusoro yekubvisa sulfurization);
• Nguva yekugocha: maawa 6–8, neO₂ flow rate ye5–10 L/min;
• Reagent: Sulfuric acid yakakora (98% H₂SO₄), chiyero chehukuru Te₂SO₄ = 1:1.5.
• ‌Maitiro emakemikari‌:
  Cu2Te+2O2+2H2SO4→2CuSO4+TeO2+2H2OCu2Te+2O2+2H2 SO4​→2CuSO4+TeO2+2H2O
• ‌Zvekungwaririra‌: Dzora tembiricha ≤600°C kudzivirira kufashaira kweTeO₂ (nzvimbo yekufashaira 387°C); geza gasi rinobuda neNaOH scrubbers.

II. Kuchenesa Electrorefining uye Vacuum Distillation

1. ‌Kuchenesa kwemagetsi‌

• ‌Sisitimu yeElectrolyte‌:
• Muumbirwo weElectrolyte: H₂SO₄ (80–120g/L), TeO₂ (40–60g/L), chinowedzera (gelatin 0.1–0.3g/L);
• Kudzora tembiricha: 30–40°C, mwero wekuyerera kweropa 1.5–2 m³/awa.
• ‌Maitiro ekugadzirisa‌:
• Kuwanda kwemagetsi pari zvino: 100–150 A/m², voltage yemasero 0.2–0.4V;
• Kureba kwemaerekitirodhi: 80–120mm, ukobvu hwekuisa cathode 2–3mm/8h;
• Kushanda zvakanaka kwekubvisa tsvina: Cu ≤5ppm, Pb ≤1ppm.
• ‌Zvekungwaririra‌: Sefa electrolyte nguva dzose (kururama ≤1μm); pukuta nzvimbo dzeanode neunyanzvi kudzivirira kufambisa mhepo.

1. ‌Kunyungudutsa muchina wevacuum‌

• ‌Maitiro ekugadzirisa‌:
• Chikamu chevacuum: ≤1×10⁻²Pa, tembiricha yekudiridza 600–650°C;
• Tembiricha yenzvimbo yeCondenser: 200–250°C, Kushanda zvakanaka kwemhepo inodziya ≥95%;
• Nguva yekudiridza: 8–12h, kugona kwechinhu chimwe chete ≤50kg.
• ‌Kuparadzirwa KwekusachenaTsvina inofashaira zvishoma (Se, S) inoungana pamberi pe condenser; tsvina inofashaira zvakanyanya (Pb, Ag) inoramba iri mumasaririra.
• ‌Zvekungwaririra‌: Sisitimu yekuputira pombi isati yatanga kupomba kusvika ≤5×10⁻³Pa isati yadziiswa kudzivirira Te oxidation.

‌III. Kukura kweKristaro (Kurongeka kweKristaro)‌

1. ‌Kugadziriswa kweMidziyo‌

• ‌Mamodheru eKukura kweCrystal Furnace‌: TDR-70A/B (kukwanisa 30kg) kana TRDL-800 (kukwanisa 60kg);
• Zvinhu zvinopfumbira: Graphite yakachena kwazvo (huwandu hwedota ≤5ppm), saizi Φ300×400mm;
• Nzira yekudziisa: Kudziisa kweGraphite, tembiricha yepamusoro 1200°C.

1. ‌Maitiro ekugadzirisa‌

• ‌Kudzora Kunyunguduka‌:
• Kupisa kwekunyunguduka: 500–520°C, kudzika kwedziva rekunyunguduka 80–120mm;
• Gasi rinodzivirira: Ar (kuchena ≥99.999%), mwero wekuyerera kwemvura 10–15 L/min.
• ‌Magadzirirwo eCrystallization‌:
• Kufamba kwemhepo: 1–3mm/h, kumhanya kwekutenderera kwekristaro 8–12rpm;
• Kuyera tembiricha: Axial 30–50°C/cm, radial ≤10°C/cm ;
• Nzira yekutonhodza: ​​Hwaro hwemhangura hwakatonhodzwa nemvura (tembiricha yemvura 20–25°C), kutonhodza kwemvura pamusoro.

1. ‌Kudzora Kusachena‌

• ‌Mhedzisiro Yekuparadzanisa‌: Kusachena kwakaita seFe, Ni (segregation coefficient <0.1) kunoungana pamiganhu yezviyo;
• ‌Kudzokorora Kutenderera‌: madenderedzwa 3–5, tsvina yese yekupedzisira ≤0.1ppm.

1. ‌Zvekungwaririra‌:

• Fukidza pamusoro pemvura yakanyunguduka nemaplate egrafiti kuti udzivise kudonha kweTe (huwandu hwekurasikirwa ≤0.5%);
• Tarisa dhayamita yekristaro panguva chaiyo uchishandisa laser gauges (kururama ± 0.1mm);
• Dzivisa kuchinja-chinja kwetembiricha >±2°C kudzivirira kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zviri mukati (chinangwa ≤10³/cm²).

‌IV. Kuongororwa Kwemhando Yepamusoro uye Zviyero Zvikuru‌

V. Maitiro ekuchengetedza nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza

1. ‌Kurapa Kwegesi Inobuda Nemhepo‌:

• Utsi hwekugocha: Bvisa SO₂ neSeO₂ uchishandisa NaOH scrubbers (pH≥10);
• Utsi hwekunyungudutsa muchina wevacuum: Hunzai utsi hweTe hunyorovese uye hudzorerei; magasi akasara anonyungudutswa nekabhoni inoshanda.

1. ‌Kudzokorodza Marara‌:

• Anode slime (ine Ag, Au): Kupora kuburikidza ne hydrometallurgy (H₂SO₄-HCl system);
• Zvisaririra zveElectrolysis (zvine Pb, Cu): Dzokera kumasisitimu ekunyungudutsa mhangura.

1. ‌Matanho Ekuchengetedza‌:

• Vashandi vanofanira kupfeka mamasiki egasi (Utsi hwemhepo hune chepfu); kuchengetedza mhepo inofefetera isina simba (muyero wekutsinhana kwemhepo ≥10 cycles/awa).

Nhungamiro dzeKugadzirisa Maitiro

1. ‌Kugadziriswa Kwezvinhu Zvisina Kugadzirwa‌: Gadzirisa tembiricha yekugocha uye chiyero cheasidhi zvichienderana nezvinotangira anode slime (semuenzaniso, kunyungudutsa kwemhangura vs. lead);
2. ‌Kuenzanisa Kwekudhonza Kwemakristaro‌: Gadzirisa kumhanya kwekudhonza zvichienderana nekunyunguduka kwemhepo (Reynolds nhamba Re≥2000) kuti udzivise kutonhora kwakanyanya kwemhepo;
3. ‌Kushanda Nesimba ZvakanakaShandisai nzvimbo yekupisa ine tembiricha mbiri (nzvimbo huru 500°C, nzvimbo diki 400°C) kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba rekudzivirira graphite ne30%.